Women with bladder cancer: an underserved population due to a faulty health care system or in a biological disadvantage?

Abstract
 Although men are four times more frequently diagnosed than women with urothelial bladder cancer, clinical outcomes greatly differ between both genders, as present a higher lethality rate, well greater loss of life expectancy. At diagnosis, advanced stages, situation which has led to many efforts elucidate the social determinants health and biological factors implied. Women face different challenges associated delay in both, diagnosis treatment, limited access systemic lower response rates immunotherapy. underrepresented main chemotherapy, immunotherapy, other treatment trials, they comprise only 15 25% overall population, limiting possibility drawing any definitive conclusions. Furthermore, through gene expression analysis, have been linked aggressive subtype cancer (basal), rate FGFR 1-4 mutated tumors, NECTIN-4 expression, prevalence germline mutations. Despite worse prognosis, sex-based recommendations not developed. Cancer care teams must hinder options based on sex should strive for an equitable care.